A new report exposes yet more appalling crimes by Rwanda-backed M23 rebels in eastern DR Congo. It details unlawful killings, rape, and other apparent war crimes. Attacks with explosive weapons in populated areas have killed and injured civilians, damaged infrastructure, and exacerbated an already dire humanitarian crisis.

One particular case stands out: Kishishe, a village in North Kivu province. After M23 withdrew from Kishishe, HRW was able to investigate reports of M23 killings there. Our team documented 14 mass graves with scores of bodies. It’s likely only a fraction of total burial sites. The bodies are believed to be those of villagers and captured militia members that M23 fighters executed between November and April.

For the living facing continued fighting and insecurity, the suffering is only compounded by the declaration of martial law and the collaboration of the Congolese army with various armed groups, mostly along ethnic lines.

Rwanda’s role is especially pernicious. With troops deployed in eastern Congo, the Rwandan army provides direct military support to M23, helping them expand their control over Rutshuru and neighbouring Masisi territories.